YY Chromosome Mitochondrial DNA Lineage Exam

The Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA are two types of DNA that is often referenced when talking about exams paternal and maternal lineages respectively.

These two types of DNA are analyzed in these cases because both have special characteristics that make them optimal for testing maternal and paternal lineage.

The Y chromosome has the distinction of being transmitted exclusively from father to son, that is, that does not pass to the daughter. This chromosome is inherited from generation to generation with almost no alteration, so its very useful for analysis determines a person's paternal lineage.

For example, two men who share an almost identical Y chromosome are likely very high, usually above 99.99% have a biological link between them.

In the event that two men have a Y chromosome with a different genetic makeup can say with absolute certainty that the two men did not have a direct biological link.

On the other hand, mitochondrial DNA has the characteristic of being inherited exclusively from the mother, this DNA is inherited by both men and women, so both sons and daughters of a woman can do the Mitochondrial DNA test to see if a woman is actually his mother or at least has a biological link with it.

Mitochondrial DNA, also abbreviated mtDNA is present in the cytoplasm of all cells in the body in the organelles called mitochondria, hence its name.

Both the Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA are present in all body cells, because the genetic material that determines the physiological characteristics of an individual possesses full copies in each cell.

With the Y-chromosome tests and mitochondrial DNA can be determined both paternal and maternal haplogroup you belong to an individual, ie the population genetics of the individual.

These haplogroups are used to analyze the history of the ancestors of the individual, human migration from? Africa at the beginning of human civilization, so we can say that each cell has "filed" the entire history of mankind in it .